Cardiovascular Health
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a wide variety of heart and blood vessel diseases and conditions including:
Arteriosclerosis ― Is a complex process that begins with thickening of the arterial wall. The accumulation of lipids (primarily cholesterol), connective tissue, and cells within the inner layer of the artery cause this process. Over time arteriosclerosis may lead to a heart attack or stroke by restricting blood flow in the artery and or serving as a site for a blood clot to form in the artery, which greatly restricts blood flow. The arteroosclerotic disease process typically begins many years before symptoms of CVD occur.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) ― Involves a reduction of the blood supply to the heart muscle by narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries. Heart attack, angina pectoris, or arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries often characterizes it.
Myocardial infarction or heart attack ― Occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked. The insufficient blood supply results in death to part of the heart muscle.
Stroke ― Occurs when a blood vessel bringing oxygen and nutrients to the brain is clogged or bleeds, causing insufficient blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain.
Angina pectoris ― Is the recurring pain, pressure, or discomfort in the chest, arm, back, or jaw resulting from impaired blood flow to the heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) ― Condition in which a weakened heart exists along with a buildup of fluid in the body. In congestive heart failure, the heart keeps pumping blood, but not as well as it should. As a result, the body’s needs for oxygen-rich blood aren’t fully met.
